Sign Language for Babies Essay Example for Free

Sign Language for Babies Essay Babies being unable to communicate with their care givers has taken a toll on the babies and the care giver both. When babies cannot communicate with their care giver they cry. Crying and being fussy is a babies way of getting attention and trying to get them what they want. As well as teaching babies to sign at a young age, teachers have started using sign language in the classroom. Teachers have said that the sign language in the class rooms have made their children more active in the class room and want to participate in class (Kilburn). Babies can understand words long before they can speak. Their motor skills develop much more rapid than their vocal skills. They may not have fine motor skills but it does not take fine motor skills to sign. Babies have the ability to learn sign language just as soon as they start to be able to wave hello or goodbye. People state the argument that babies are not smart enough, but that is not true. Babies are very intelligent and don’t just copy the signs, they actually understand the signs. At around 5 months babies start to be able to wave hello and goodbye. That is the moment when you know that they are ready to start their signing. You shouldn’t push all the signs on to a baby at one moment but slowly introduce new signs. It will also be easier if you do signs that don’t require a lot of fine motor skills. Milk would be a good example of a sign that does not take fine motor skills. The sign for milk is taking your hand and squeezing it together just like you were milking a cow. When you introduce the sign to the baby you need to say it, do the sign, and then give it a meaning by possibly giving the baby some milk. Another good example of a non fine motor skill would be eat. The sign for eat is bringing your four fingers to your thumb and hen taking your hand to your mouth. Some people argue that a baby is not smart enough to learn the signs. That  the baby is only doing the motions to get what they want. And maybe that is what they are doing in the beginning, but after doing it so many times the baby starts to comprehend what they are doing and why they are doing it. It is just like learning any new language no matter what age. This new finding may be related to other fads, such as letting your babies listen to classical music, or watching waves to keep them calm. Unlike the fads that I just mentioned, sign language has been scientifically proven to work. Other than teaching it to babies, sign language can also help elementary and higher students in school. Studies show that teachers who use sign language in their classroom, students tend to have a more advanced vocabulary. The students do not just use the words because they have to, but they also comprehend the words better. Sign language can be a help tool when learning the new vocabulary words. When saying the word, spelling it, and giving it a motion; such as finger spelling, the word tends to stick with the student better, faster, and longer. Besides the fact that it can help children with their vocabulary, it can also help children who don’t like school become more involved. The children will want to become more involved because it can add a little bit of fun in the class room. It adds fun in the class room by allowing kids to show what they know and move around a little bit while they do it. Kids always hate just sitting in those uncomfortable chairs for hours on ends, but even if it is just their hands, they are still moving. Another way to use the sign language in the class room is for when children have to use the restroom. When a child raises their hand and asks to use the bathroom and the teacher responds with a yes, all other students see the opportunity and also want to try to get out of class to â€Å"use† the restroom. Instead of having students asking out loud for permission to go to the restroom, you have the child come up to you and do the sign for restroom (White). The sign for restroom is very simple, take your index finger and cross it with your middle finger and give your hand a little shake. Besides  the fact that it keeps all the children to ask to the restroom at once, it also keep the whole bathroom thing a little more private like it is supposed to be. As you can see, there are very many benefits to teaching babies as well as young kids sign language. It can do many things to help the child and the people around the child. It isn’t a hard thing to teach the child as long as you are diligent with what you do. That means you need to introduce the rights amount words at the right time, you cant just pile a whole bunch of words onto a new child and expect them to pick it up and know it all at once. Works Cited Barnes, Susan K. Sign Language With Babies: What Difference Does It Make? Dimensions of Early Childhood. Vol. 38. N.p.: n.p., n.d. 21-30. Print. Kilburn, Mrs. Using Sign Language in the Classroom. Web log post. Mrs Kilburns Kiddos. N.p., 17 Aug. 2009. Web. 29 Nov. 2012. http://mrskilburnkiddos.w ordpress.com/2009/08/17/using-sign-language-in-the-classroom/. Kirk, Arie. The Herald Journal. HJNews.com. N.p., 16 Mar. 2010. Web. 29 Nov. 2012. . Savory, Eve. CBC News. Sign Language for Babies. Prod. Corrine Seminoff. CBC. 10 Mar. 2004. CBCnews. CBC/Radio Canada, 10 Mar. 2004. Web. 29 Nov. 2012. . Transcript. White, K. R., and J. Grewe. Evidence for Website Claims about the Benefits of Teaching Sign Language to Infants and Toddlers with Normal Hearing. Infant Child Development. By L. H. Nelson. 5th ed. Vol. 21. N.p.: n.p., 2012. 474-502. Print.

Creating a Strong and Unified America :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Creating a Strong and Unified America Motoring down the roadway, I take in blurs of red, white, and blue, whizzing past my scope of vision. I am referring to, of course, the vast number of American flags attached to the cars of local residents and residents throughout the nation. This sudden splurge of patriotism can be attributed to the war, but that is not to say that patriotism has not existed before this war—it has also existed during the course of every American war, along with the cries of anti-war protestors. But does patriotism stand as strong during times of peace? One of the many duties of citizens is to love the nation they are born into because a nation depends on individuals who understand what it means to be a citizen. To begin understanding citizenship, we must first have an idea of America’s past. In David McCullough’s essay â€Å"Why History?† he writes, â€Å"The Department of Education reported that more than half of all high school seniors hadn’t even the slightest basic understanding of American History†(88). We must know our history to know where we came from, and according to a speech by Alan Kors, professor of history at the University of Pennsylvania, it is important for us to understand mistakes made by our nation in the past so as to not â€Å"†¦lose sight of human moral weakness†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (9). The moral weaknesses Kors references are anti-Semitism, racial discrimination, corruption of power, and, of course, slavery. Kors explains that we should not look down at our nation for the existence of these flaws, but rather look at how they have been for the most part abolished. America welcomes Jews; racial injustices were addre ssed in the 14th and 15th Amendments. Slavery, which is â€Å"the most universal of all human institutions,†(Kors 9) was dubbed as an immoral practice by American â€Å"†¦values and agency†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Kors 9) and was abolished. A nation cannot exist without citizens who understand the morals and values by which it was established and also what responsibilities they must live up to. In an essay by Peter Gomes, he quotes the American judge at the Nuremberg Trials as saying, â€Å"†¦it is the function of the citizen to keep the government from falling into error†(Jackson qtd.

Dignity in Care Essay

Definition of dignity; the quality or state of being worthy of esteem or respect.(the free dictionary 2011).This definition seems short, however the concept of dignity is more profound, the nurse should use her inner tool thus being feelings , empathy, compassion and use these productively.(Haddock 1996). The reasonable expectation that an older person , may have of dignified, nursing ,care in clean surroundings in hospital is not being fulfilled in some cases This essay will discuss the concepts of dignity, and discuss the importance of dignity in nursing care. Illustrating the significance in protocols, and furthermore, giving the patient the best possible outcome. We shall examine the guidelines set by the Nursing and midwifery council (NMC) and how important it is for nurses to uphold these standards, when delivering care to the patient. We shall also look at the aging process, and how illnesses cannot simply be put down to ‘age’, discussing how medication can affect the elderly and also how it can help. Highlighting the need for nurses not to become robotic at tasks as delicate as the one giving throughout this essay , the need to empathise and give the patient as much dignity as possible. Also looking at infection control, and how critical it is in the clinical setting for the health care team, and also for the patient’s health. Following guidelines from National institute for health and clinical excellence (NICE), the Department of Health (DH) and several studies with regards to infection control , and health matters such as health promotion and how it can empower the patient which can help in their dignity. Looking at how the muti-disciplinary team help with the overall care and how important to work as a team to gain the best outcome. Reviewing my own personal journey as I have done research into dignity and reflect upon my own practice, and how it may change or enhance my future nursing care. Len Chambers is an elderly gentleman in your care. He is not confused or disorientated but is anxious, hard of hearing and physically frail, needing assistance to walk. The doctor has just finished the consultation and tells  you that â€Å"Mr. Chambers needs to go to the toilet†. There is a smell of faeces, Mr. Chamber’s trousers and shoes are wet with urine, and he appears agitated and upset. With reference to the NMC Professional Code of Conduct (2008) describes the actions that you will take to promote and maintain this client’s dignity. MAINBODY The concept of dignity is an individual right, everyone has equal worth has human beings. To treat someone with dignity, is by giving that person worth in a way that values them as an individual, as suggested by Milburn patients like to be recognized and treated with respect (Milburn et al 1995), and with this being their birthright, it must also continue after death. Dignity should be applied equally to people who have the capacity or not, whether that is of a physical or mental state, what must be paramount is the individuals self value and worth. In care circumstances, the concept of dignity can be encouraged or weakened depending on factors such as environment and attitude of healthcare staff. By giving the patient dignity, this then empowers them to make choices, which then gives them confidence to make decisions on their care. (NMC 2008). The code of professional conduct (NMC 2008) will guide my actions, in giving the care for Mr Chambers. The code of conduct states to treat the patient as an individual, and respect their dignity. Approaching Mr Chambers, I would introduce myself and ask him how he would like to be addressed; the rationale for this is to let Mr Chambers know who he is talking to and also gives him the respect of name choice, thus keeping in with the guidelines of the code and promotes autonomy. However reflecting back on my own practice and some male patients can be uncomfortable with a female nurse, I would ask him if he preferred a male nurse to assist him, and taking into account Mr Chambers body language, and the tone of his reply, and also being aware of my own aura at such a sensitive time. Mr Chambers has become incontinent of faeces and urine, an assessment of incontinence would need to be carried out by a specialist nurse, to establish if he is incontinent. Urinary incontinence is a common and distressing problem, taking into account Mr Chambers is anxious, coming from a generation which can be proud in nature,  so it is completely understandable why the need for sensitivity is required. Making sure this is fully explained (after nursing care as been given) to Mr Chambers, and gaining his full consent for a referral to the correct health professional, but before doing so a routine urinalysis test should be carried out, to rule out any infection present, firstly by doing a dipstick test and any signs of infection can then be sent to the correct department for further tests. The fact that Mr Chambers has difficulty walking maybe the only reason he was incontinent, simply because he didn’t make it to the toilet, however in most cases an underlying medical problem maybe present, and referring him to the correct department will be able to rule this out. Age is also a factor according to research , as we age we are more likely to need medication, for blood pressure for instance , and these medications can have an effect on the bladder (Avom.J et al 2003) so maybe a review of his medication can help. The frail elderly (age 65+) are likely to be more intolerant of drugs than their fit age group (Cussack.B.J 1989), and are particularly at risk from, adverse reactions (Williamson .J, Chopin J. 1989) These are the predictable, dose-dependent and common manifestations of toxicity that cause considerable morbidity in the frail population (Thompson JW, Rawlins MD) Mr Chambers has difficulty hearing and this could affect his communication, which could lead to anxiety. By providing the right environment, making time so that the patient does not feel rushed, and Provide some privacy when talking about sensitive and important issues, ensuring the patient has any communication aids that they need e.g. hearing aid, when you are talking to them. (Leveson.R 2007).This upholds the confidentiality, privacy and dignity of Mr Chamber; this is working within the code of practice, of confidentiality and consent. Has Noted Mr Chambers is a frail gentleman who will require assistance with his activities of daily living, and may need to be referred to the continuing health care team to place a package of care for him, also the physiotherapy team to help with his mobility. After gaining consent, and reassuring Mr Chambers we shall work together, offering him the choice of either attending the bathroom, or wishing to stay in the bay area. This is adhering to the code of collaborating with the ones  in your care (NMC 2008). Mr Chambers appears agitated and upset, whilst faecal/urine incontinence can have a psychological affect on him. Studies have shown this can be; tearfulness stress, distress, anxiety, exhaustion, feeling dirty, anger, humiliation, depression, isolation, secrecy, frustration and embarrassment (Chelvanayagam S, Norton C 2000.) To avoid any further humiliation, and suggesting to Mr Chambers a shower would be appropriate, however before doing so, assist him to undress and wash in the bay area first, to avoid walking down the ward in his current circumstances. The rationale for doing this is to keep Mr Chambers dignity, thus avoiding more distress. Gathering the equipment required to carry out this task and following guidelines/polices o f infection control. Infection Control; It is estimated that health care infection (HCAI) affects one in 10 national health service (NHS) patients each year, and costs the NHS one billion per year. (DH 2003) The hands of healthcare workers can be one of the main sources of transmitting infection, therefore it is vital hands are washed at every patient contact, and any connection with contaminated equipment (DH 2001).However studies have been shown that the technique of hand washing is generally not carried out properly (creedon 2005). A selection of protective equipment should be based on an assessment of the risk of transmission of bacteria to the patient, and the risk of contamination of the healthcare practitioner’s clothing and skin by patients body fluids, secretions or excretions.(NICE 2003) The rationale for following the protocols of infection control is to minimise /eradicate the risk of transmissions of infections, and reflecting back on my own practice ,this assures the patient that you are clean, and also prompts/promotes them to wash their hands which will reduce any infection. In the NMC code of conduct 2008 states to ‘make the care of people your first concern, treating them as individuals and respecting their dignity’ (NMC 2008). Keeping Mr Chambers dignity in thought, and maintaining health promotion, I assist him to undress and wash, asking his preferences and how he normally carries out this task, encouraging him when needed, this helps promote confidence in his own abilities. Gaining his consent, with regard to assisting him in bathroom to shower, and if he would like hospital garments if he has no clean garments, as he can be anxious about his soiled clothing. Assisting , Mr Chambers to wash hard to reach areas ,however also to give him independence  when necessary, having the patience and time to listen to his needs, and actively listening how he may have done things in his own environment, can help with dignity. Patient-centred nursing is a style of practice that demonstrates a respect for the patient as a person. Through ‘being with’ rather than merely ‘doing to’ the patient and offering personal support and practical expertise(Nursing Times 2005) Has Mr Chamber needs assistance when mobile, a referral to the physiotherapist will be required. Furthermore, to Use this opportunity to assess how Mr Chambers copes with his Activities of daily living (ADL). The rationale is to see how much assistance Mr Chambers requires, and to inform the correct health care professional of any progress, in addition to this making sure the correct data (e.g. Risk assessments, personal preferences), is transferred to his file and to avoid any inconsistencies, also to elude any awkward situations in his future nursing care. Reflecting on Mr. Chambers and the care provided how difficult it must be for an elderly to be independent all their lives then having a younger person to take over their care. This generation seems notoriously proud, and keeping within policies of care, and trying to give him his dignity, is quite hard to balance, an example of this would be infection control, having to wear gowns and gloves because of protocols, however this must be degrading in some respects for Mr Chambers. These procedures can have an effect on him psychologically, conversely he may understand if I explained to him why these measures are in place. Seeing Mr Chambers upset can be daunting at first, but to realise why he his upset is the key to a happy outcome. So communication is very important in this situation, and to actively listen to his concerns will also be very beneficial to me as a nurse. For instance he may state how he keeps soiling himself, would suggest he has incontinence problems rather, other than he just couldn’t make it to the bathroom. Mr. Chambers mobility was an issue, and again this must be difficult to express to younger active person, it would most probably also be embarrassing, as they were young once, and after all it is the body that ages. My concern would be to try and empathise with him, and keep the communication open using methods such as eye contact and body language to help me, and maybe use an experience of my own, such as family members, which may help him relax some more, and hope that this helps my future practice . When you feel dignified, you have the sense of self  Ã¢â‚¬â€œworth, confident, happy , it also builds a trust with the person who is nursing you , without it you can feel devalued, no confidence, low self –esteem thus leading to patients unable to carry out tasks such as (ADLs) where they maybe of been capable of doing so before. I aim to enhance my Nursing care and hope that I learn something new in every given situation, to help build on my knowledge which in turn will give excellent care to the most important person the patient, and also to share my knowledge within the team of healthcare professionals, and in turn learn from others experience and value each patient like you would your own family regardless of their condition, mood ,ethnicity, religion we are all equals and sometimes this can be lost in organizations. Nursing is lifelong learning matter, and patients can be unpredictable everyday is new, challenges will arise from patients, demands will have to be met, stressful situations will be dealt with, but this is the profession I choose to be in, and my future Nursing will always be to remain professional, Contrary to this what should be predictable, or should be practiced throughout the healthcare settings is the concept of dignity. I will continue to reflect on my own practice and learn more from every given situation whilst keeping within the code of conduct set out by the NMC. REFERENCES Avom R (2003) principles of pharmacology newyork springer Chelvanayagarns (2000) Quality of life with faecal incontinence problems. Nursing times 2000 pg 6 Creedon (2005) compliance with recommended guidelines. J adv nurs( pg 208-216) Cussack BJ (1986 ) special considerations in the elderly ;the practice of geriactrics Boston Department of Health (2001) Standard principles for preventing hospital-Aquired infection . J Hosp Infect.47-48 Department of Health (2003) Winning Ways: Working Together to Reduce Healthcare Associated Infection in England. London: DOH Haddock (1996) Journal of Advanced Nursing 1996 Nov;24(5):924-31. Levenson, R. (2007). The challenge of Dignity in Care: Upholding the rights of the individual. Help the Aged: London. Milburn et al (1995) www.intermid.co.uk Accessed online (20/7/2011) NMC (2001,2008) www.nmc-uk.org/) Accessed online (18/7/2011) Nursing Times (2005) A systematic approach to the improvement of patient care. VOL: 101, ISSUE: 24, PAGE NO: 34-36 Nice (2003) w.nice.org.uk/nice/pdf/22_FINALpressrelease_infewwctioncontro. Accessed online (18/07/2011) The free Dictionary (2011) www.thefreedictionary.com.dignity. Accessed online (20/07/2011) Thompson JW, Rawlins MD. (1998) Journal of Medicine, New Series 68, No. 255, pp. 505-506. Williamson J, Choplin J (1988) British Medical journal (Clin Res Ed). 1988 ; 296(6636): 1551–1552.

The Politics Of The United States - 868 Words

No doubt today in the world the US government is seen as the one to beat in terms of an organized government system. Even other members of the G8 look up to the USA highly for political advice. Different policies, rules and regulations have been put in place since its inception and no matter where you find yourself in the chain of power you dare not disobey them. The history of the current government philosophy would shock many, as two political colleagues who propounded several theories still followed word for word till date, were torn apart by their different political structural views. Popularly known as the rivalry that forged a nation, the battle between Jefferson and Hamilton. When George Washington gave his farewell address (1796) he warned that the creation of political factions, â€Å"sharpened by the spirit of revenge,† would most certainly lead to â€Å"formal and permanent despotism’’. So it came as a surprise when his two wingmen Thomas Jefferson a nd Alexander Hamilton were the ones who proved his warnings to be true. The two political diplomats set up a dual political party system still used in today’s democracy. Most historians claim though George Washington had warned of this, it was inevitable. Some may refer to it as a form of the Hegelian dialect. During the fight for independence both Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson both played vital roles in realizing America’s liberal dreams. The two would later cross paths when they were employed as part of theShow MoreRelatedThe Politics Of The United States Politics1877 Words   |  8 Pagesso caught up in the lies that it is virtually impossible to escape. Truth is highly valued in society; so, what are the reactions when the leaders of society lie to their constituents? This is an issue that has recently manifested in the United States’ politics. 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